History of U.S. up to JFK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of U.S. up to JFK - Essay Example After WWII, United States embraced capitalism at its best. During this time, change was an inevitable factor throughout the country. War bonds worth hundreds of billions of dollars matured, which gave the country the so much needed financial resources to kick start the economy. Using these and other government-provided resources, the country moved towards the realization of an economic boom. People’s quality of life improved, setting a desirable path for social, economic, and political prosperity. With massive investments already executed, the American workforce became the next point of focus. Among the most outstanding actions in this regard was the implementation of the G.I Bill. The G.I Bill accorded war veterans many different benefits, most of which played the role of financing education and training of workers for the realization of a knowledgeable, skilled, and reliable workforce (Chafe 107). Another key observation of the post WWII era was the emergence of labor unions in America. The 1950s marked the peak of labor union membership, and this allowed low-income workers to migrate from the countryside to towns and cities in search of better job opportunities (Chafe 168). By 1960, this migration process had allowed majority of Americans to hold employment positions that were better paying compared to previous couple of decades. Consequently, the growth and development of suburbs became vibrant across the U.S. Most importantly, U.S culture changed significantly between 1945 and 1963. Following the WWII, both the South and the West became important political regions as power shifted away from the Northeast and Midwest (Chafe 119). During this time, U.S had not only addressed major social issues, but also nurtured a cultural and social belief of international control. American people were convinced that they had a primary role to play in maintaining global peace and political order. A critical look at the global political economy revealed that the U.S

Burberry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Burberry - Essay Example The presentation then focuses on the ‘soft strategies’. The company has initiated many new technology led measures to interact with their customers. This part of the presentation deals with Customer Relationship Management. Burberry hosts a fully choreographed live webcast. Emails are used. Internal website is used to ensure that internal customers are fully away of runway shows, editorial coverage and new store events. Travelling road shows are organized. Round table conferences are conducted with senior managers around the world. The company is dedicated on building an excellent brand image. She says that they want to be known as a brand that is simply great. For this purpose Burberry recruits likeminded people. Its employees are its customers also who buy their company’s products and love them intensely. The presentation then moves towards CRM again. The company has its own social media website. Burberry is followed by two million people on Facebook. There are live stream shows around the world. The highlight of CRM is organizing 25 events around the world and using a new Ipad based purchasing technology. Headquarter of Burberry is also state –of-the-art. The presentation then finishes by Angela saying that it is only 4 years since she and her team started their work and so ‘it is still early

Saint Thomas Aquinas’ Political Theory Analysis

Saint Thomas Aquinas’ Political Theory Analysis Courtney Deed How did St Thomas Aquinas justify the coercive authority of the state? How did he justify war? Are his justifications of state authority and war compatible? Are they convincing? Why/ Why not? This essay will critically examine Saint Thomas Aquinas’ political theory on the coercive authority of the state and his justification of war. Authority and power have been utilized as a form of social control to regulate the masses. It ensures the common good for people so that they can live amicably, as much as possible, with one and another (Finnis, 1998). Without some form of social control, there would be questionably, no state. Political authority is not only necessary for social control, but is also necessary to bring all to virtue (Weithman, 1992). Definition of Terms In the interests of transparency, key terms in this essay include; the state, authority, legitimacy, law and war. Morris (2011) describes the state to be â€Å"the principal political entity or form of political organization†. Narveson (2008) concurs with this assessment of state, only adding that it is a considerable number of people, in the same area, bound by the same government. In Summa Theologica, Aquinas defines law as â€Å"a rule or measure of action in virtue of which one is led to perform certain actions† (ST in Coleman). In essence, laws are rules fashioned by the legislature for the benefit, safety and uniformity of civilians. Authority is power of people, of any kind to rule (Narveson, 2008). From this, coercive authority is when power is enforced through suppression of right and the use of fear and distress. It is a common tool in tyrannical or dictatorial government systems. Legitimacy is the compliance and acceptance of rules and laws by society (Vinaya gamoorth, 2013). If civilians do not accept direction by the rule maker, their authority is not legitimate. Finally, war is organised conflict between two groups of people (Smith, 2012) How did he justify the coercive nature of the state? Power and law making are inextricably linked. The legislator creates laws and as these are enforced, power over the state is defined. Coercive nature stems from the forcible decisions on law that a ruler makes. Aquinas proposes an explanation for this, it is an â€Å"ordinance of reason for the common good of a [complete] community, promulgated by the person or body responsible for looking after that community† (Summa Theologica in Finnis, 1998). Aquinas comments in Summa Theologica that the masses have to assent to be ruled and then by â€Å"practical proposition† law is made by those who are responsible for ruling (Finnis, 1998). From this it is clear that as long as civilians accept the rule then any law that is made is legitimate. Aquinas observes that â€Å"every set of laws is addressed by two kinds of people: the obstinate and the proud who are restrained and disciplined by law and the good who are assisted by the law’s guidance to fulfil their good inten tions† (ST) If an authoritative decision is made to solve a problem, then it will be accepted by the masses. Finnis (1998) reinforces this, stating â€Å"the authoritative decision, whether legislative, executive or judicial †¦ will not result in co-ordination unless it is accepted as settling the question, and accepted even by those who would have preferred a different decision, a different law†. This has a run- on effect to decisions that are made coercively. By definition, if society assent to the power of legislators, then even autocratic decisions are justified and accepted. A local example of this, the Clyde River Dam Saga in New Zealand in the 1960’s under the prime ministership of Robert Muldoon. Aquinas identifies two types of ruling; ordered for governing and for the sake of domination. Ordered for governing is where it is for the good of those who are being ruled. This would be the King, who for the common good makes decisions to help and benefit his subjects. The King is free from coercive restraint, as he can alter it himself. Aquinas comments that he is, however, subject to the laws of God (Dunbabin, 1988). The second, is for the good of the ruler. Aquinas likens this as a master over his slaves (Weithman 1992). Aquinas believes that law, and by explanation the coercive nature of the state is forced onto the community, â€Å"citizens don’t have [a] choice about it- it isn’t a piece of advice, it’s an order!† (Narveson, 2008). These orders, have to be rational and more importantly legitimate, â€Å"an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated and enforced by the one who is in charge of the community† (Summa Theologica). So, a s citizens, we accept valid ruling for our benefit and for the benefit of the community. It is trust, that the ruler is making the Aquinas is fixated on the notion of the common good. On surface level, this could be likened to peace, success and contentment. Aquinas looks at the best for the most people rather than the best option. Aquinas argued the common good is a reasonable and rational objective for all people. It is from this point that he founded his belief that civilians can disobey laws, as long as disgrace would not result should they choose not to follow (Dunbabin 1988). However, when considering Aquinas’ views on the execution of heretics, it questions whether the common good is only about harmony but rather what the Roman Catholic faith would like to see. In Summa Theologica, Aquinas directly addresses this issue, asserting if heretics cannot be made to see reason by priests, they can be executed. Aquinas justifies the nature of power and the co-ordination of society by using the law. This does not have to coercive – it is just power. However, by way of authority and legitimate rule, this power can be coercive. How did he justify war? Aquinas has a firm view on war, but more importantly, how war is imposed. He believed the act itself, of war, to be â€Å"a sin in itself† (Summa Theologica) However, rather than the act, Aquinas is concerned with the decision to start the war. This stems from the Romanic notion of ‘just cause’ for war. Just cause is a moral criterion to justify the invasion or aggression against another country. It weighs up, on the balance of facts, if it is permissible for one country to wage war on another. In the Summa Theologica, Aquinas outlines the three prerequisites for a just war. Firstly, the authority of the sovereign must be legitimate. It is not for the private individual to wage war, but rather the ruler maker, or sovereign. The private individual â€Å"can seek for redress of his rights from the tribunal of his superior† and in war time, it is not for ordinary people to make such decisions. The sovereign must â€Å"summon together the people, which has to be done in war time† (Summa Theologica). If the sovereign cannot bring together the masses, his authority cannot be legitimate. The ultimate test for legitimacy is whether a ruler will be followed. The second, just cause is required. The decision to go to war has to be made by the Sovereign or public authority as â€Å"no private person has the right to initiate war† (Summa Theologica in Finnis 1998) Aquinas explains this to be â€Å"those who are attacked, should be attacked because they deserve it on account of some fault† (Summa Theologica). Aquinas believes that, just cause allows for and to defend the common good. This may mean avenging and punishing adversaries for sins committed by or against the enemy state. Finnis (1998) describes this could be being attacked by reason of their guilt in respect of some wrong which they refuse or fail to rectify. Persecution or self-defence is an example of this. It should be noted, that Aquinas does not belief that war a nd be waged to impose religion, even if those fighting it believe it to be the true religion. The third requirement of a just war is the combatants have the right intention to engage in war. In Summa Theologica, Aquinas says that this includes â€Å"[the] right intention so that they intend the advancement of good or the avoidance of evil†. The right intention must be held above all else. There can be no ulterior motive or secret agenda when faced with the question of war. War must be used as a means to quell a situation and for absolutely no reason, should war be used as punishment or for any ferocious means. Once all requirements of war are satisfied, Aquinas then looks to the legitimacy of the ruler. It is them, who make the decision. Aquinas believes that it is only the public official who can legitimately start combative and engage the public in war (Mooney, 2007). A ruler who lacks legitimacy is a tyrant. Aquinas, ever early on makes the clear distinction between what he calls the private and the public citizen. The private, an ordinary person, who subjects their will to the state and dutifully obliges to the rule of the sovereign, conditional on the legality of the situation. The public official â€Å"charged with public authority, directing men by law to the common good, are unifying and co-ordinating functionaries, representatives of the corporate will of the community† (Coleman, 2000). From this it is inferred that by doing their job, as well as being part of the group, they are bringing society towards the common good. It can be likened with the idea of utility, the best option for the most amount of people. It should be now mentioned, that a solider, conscripted or not, is innocent of any killing or war crimes should he be ordered to do it from a higher authority (Miller, 2002) Therefore, Aquinas condones and justifies warfare should the decision be made by the correct person. For war to be justified, a public authority has to make the decision; bearing in mind just cause and have the right intention to go to war. Right intention may include avenging what has been lost or for the common good of the populace (Miller, 2002) Are his justifications for war/ state authority compatible? Why? Why not? By virtue of one, the other follows. Through the power if the state, governed by legitimately made laws, the public official can wage war. As previous discussed, â€Å"the power of the sword, as the state understands it, is essentially the public authority of the state’s rulers and their judicial and military officers, to execute criminals and to wage war† (Finnis). Public officials, have the ultimate say in decisions. The head of state effectively can choose whether or not a country goes to war or not. To determine whether or not a decision is coercive or not it is defined by the legitimacy of the ruler. Aquinas commented in De Malo that â€Å"[people] may not have a freedom of action but they do have a freedom of choice†. This can be related to modern system of governance and ruling. In New Zealand, we follow a representative system of representation. Through the choice of enrolled adults, we elect members of parliament to best represent our interests. Although we may not agree with every decision that they may make, however for the best interests of the government, they stay in power. The best way to show how Aquinas’ justifications of war and coercive authority link is the example of self-defence. It is here Aquinas introduces the principle of double effect. Unlike the traditional approach; ‘an eye for an eye’ or using force with force, Aquinas differentiates between the intention that the person has and the repercussions that the act had. In its most basic sense, the Doctrine allows for reverence of all people (Finnis 278) Whether it is lawful to kill a man in self-defence? Principle of double effect, permits killing where it is the foreseen but unintended side-effect of doing good, where the bad does not lead to the good, and where the good outweighs the bad This is similar to Aquinas’ views on capital punishment. For the common good and betterment for the community, Aquinas condones capital punishment of extreme ‘sinners’ or evildoers. This is due to the belief that they are more likely to hurt others than to amend their behaviour (Miller, 2002). Aquinas general idea regarding capital punishment is to deter the potential criminal from offending and to uphold the common good in the community. This could be likened to the Christian thought that one must love and his neighbour above all else. By taking the choice away from civilians (‘private individuals’), they are left to continue following Jesus’ commandment. It is the ruler’s authority, which can make such decisions; to wage war, introduction sanctions or to consent to capital punishment. First, Thomas classifies an act as intrinsically good, bad, or indifferent (Miller, 2002) Old Wine in New Skins: Aquinas, Just War and Terrorism Mooney, T Brian Pacifica : Journal of the Melbourne College of Divinity; Jun 2007; 20, 2; ProQuest Central pg. 204 Aquinas and the Presumption against Killing and War Richard B. Miller The Journal of Religion, Vol. 82, No. 2 (Apr., 2002), pp. 173-204 Published by:The University of Chicago Press Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1206289 Vinayagamoorthy, K. (2013). Contextualizing legitimacy.Texas International Law Journal,48(3), 535-574. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1398477293?accountid=17287 Ron Smiths Text book : Morality of War

English Media Coursework (Saving Private Ryan) Essay examples -- essay

Analyze the methods used to make the opening battle sequence of ‘Saving Private Ryan’ both shocking and realistic, and say how effective you find it as an introduction to the film Steven Spielberg’s master piece Saving Private Ryan earned itself 5 academy awards, including the best director award in 1998. The all star cast starring Tom Hanks, Matt Damon, Tom Sizemore and Edward Burns brings to life the horror of war. Seen through the eyes of a squad of American soldiers, the story begins with World War 2’s historic D-Day invasion, then moves beyond the beach as the men embark on a dangerous special mission. Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) must take his men behind enemy lines to find Private James Ryan, whose three brothers have been killed in combat. Faced with impossible odds, the men question their orders. Why are eight men risking their lives to save just one? Surrounded by the brutal realities of war, each man searches for his own answer-and the strength to triumph over an uncertain future with honor, decency and courage. Saving Private Ryan earned its awards for bringing back the realism of World War 2 and for portraying what the shocking chances of survival were at the historic battle of Omaha beach on D-Day in June 1944. Omaha beach was only one of the invasion sites of the American, British and Canadian coalition forces. The special reason why Steven Spielberg chose to direct his movie with Omaha beach as its backdrop was due to the fact that out of all the other landing sites, Omaha beach was the bloodiest battle field and it took 15,000 lives of young American soldiers to capture the beach. In the past, war genre films meant hardcore action and a hero waging a one man war against an army, a typical movie would be Rambo 3. Although it is based on a true story, it did not take one American to battle the whole Russian army with a bow and arrow. Saving Private Ryan brings back to life the real heroes that fought in a war, men who were willing to give up their lives just to make a difference, now tha t ultimate sacrifice is what true heroism is. In a way Saving Private Ryan was finally able to create a difference between action genre films like Rambo 3 and war genre films like Black Hawk Down, and define completely new conventions of war genre films. The realism of the movie is what gave the movie its academy awards. A few explosions cannot bring back ... ...n the beach. Hundreds of bodies lay dead, the music although creates a peaceful effect, the first reaction of a sentimental audience would be tears dripping out of their eye’s. The final shot of the scene is the close up on Peter Ryan laying dead on the beach with a bloody tide rushing in. The ending scene was probably the most effective scene of all because it immediately shows the reality and chaos war brings to mankind and what kind of courage it takes people to rise up against it. Overall I think Steven Spielberg has created a masterpiece in re-creating D-Day. Not only that, the way the whole battle sequence followed and linked each other was remarkable. I mean to say the graveyard, the old veteran crying, the music, really prepared me to expect the next scene to be a battle. But I did not know it was going to be that chaotic and brutal that it literally shocked and surprised me. The accuracy and the, idea of hand held cameras really involved me with the movie and I think that’s what I enjoyed the most, the realism of the movie convinced me that, that is how D-Day happened. Saving Private Ryan was definitely worth watching, it has taken the war film genre to a whole new level.

Oral Care Essay

Oral care in India has for a long time meant either toothpastes or toothpowder in the consumer’s mind. This is reflected in the figures pertaining to the industry as well – while the annual toothpastes and toothpowder market is together estimated at Rs 3363 crores, the mouthwash market is still lingering at a meagre Rs 74 crores. Even major international brands like Listerine, Reach and Colgate Total Plax have failed to gain ground in India. This failure has been attributed to a variety of factors including the marketing and positioning tactics employed and the distribution channels used, though research about the exact reasons remains severely limited. Problem Definition Management Decision Problem: Does there exist a feasible market for mouthwash in India and if not, what would be the best way to develop the same? Marketing Research Problem: Understand the reasons for failure of established brands to garner significant revenues, the attributes that customers value in such a product and ways to increase usage of mouthwash in India among consumers. Scope & Limitations The project aims to use relevant marketing research techniques to analyze the market development opportunities of mouth wash industry in India. The primary research will be restricted mostly to survey of consumers and retailers in Bangalore and other urban areas, with comparatively lesser data collected via telephone and email, from tier 2 cities. Methodology 1.Prepare a questionnaire to identify the consumers and to group them based on their demographic and psychographic characteristics. 2.Form a representative sample of the both users as well as non users and identify their attitudes and usage through a structured questionnaire. 3.Exploratory study on Indian mouth wash industry vis-Ã  -vis the global mouth wash industry on reasons of why mouthwash products failed to make an impact on Indian consumers and to deduce the profitability of the industry in India. This will be done through secondary data collection, focus group discussions and depth interviews with the consumers as well as the industry experts. 4.Identify the required attributes in the product and to decide on its positioning through perceptual mapping. Deliverables 1.A concrete analysis of the past and present market/industry scenario using data gathered from both primary and secondary data 2.Consumer attitude, segmentation and buying behavior as interpreted from qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data gathered by market research 3.A comprehensive positioning strategy for a new mouthwash launch in the Indian market

MIS in USA

â€Å"Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection we can catch excellence!†-Vince LombardiThe five natural elements aside, the modern world today revolves around a sixth human developed energy i.e. Electricity. From telegraphy and telephony to electrical circuits for power, Electrical Engineering today focuses on a broad range of disciplines. The progress of this field has immensely influenced the advancement of technology. The vast application potential when combined with the notion of management intrigues me and I’m keen to continue my academic pursuit in this direction.A proclivity for Math’s and Science since childhood had resulted in 90+ aggregate in the respective subjects in high school and sparked the initial interest. A tryst with a Physics concept, ‘Electromagnetic Force’ at the Higher Secondary Level invoked the zeal to foray into this discipline. It was during this period that my teachers instilled in me a strong inclination towards the subject. This led me to opt for Electrical and Electronics Engineering in my undergraduate study as it not only requires analytical thinking but also involves hands-on practical application and is challenging.My credentials include Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Annamacharya Institute of Technology and science, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Hyderabad, India which covered a broad spectrum of subjects which include Electromagnetic field, power electronics, electrical measurements, Pulse and Digital circuits, computers’ methods in power system controls, digital signal processing, Power Systems(1to3),  Electro Mechanics, Micro processors and Micro Controllers, High voltage Engineering and Utilization of electrical energy. I am also well versed in programming languages like C, C++ & JAVA. I was also introduced to management based subjects like Managerial Economics & Financial Analysis (MEFA), Management Sciences which fascinated me and imbi bed the urge to delve deeper and explore the management related aspect.In an attempt to probe further, during my final year of the undergraduate course I presented a project â€Å"SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR USING PLC† at SANGHI SPINNERS INDIA LIMITED, HYDERABAD, INDIA. and also another project on â€Å"A NEW 84-PULSE VSC CONFIGURATION USING MULTI LEVEL DC VOLTAGE USING MATLAB†. These project involved coding a programme using MATLAB technology which solves a pattern recognition problem. They also include the practical application of management to engineering which has sustained and also further honed my interest to pursue this subject.I consider it an accomplishment to have finished meritorious in several technical events and I have also presented a number of technical papers which were highly acknowledged. I feel it a privilege to have been a part of Make a Difference (NGO). My tenure at MAD as a Teacher Volunteer has acuminated my organizational and interpersona l skills. It has also reinforced the ‘Never say never attitude’ which enables me to persevere, look beyond and extend my boundaries and also go the extra mile.Specialization becomes a necessity to understand new technologies and to improve upon the existing ones. Finesse in the subjects I pursue is what I envision. I now find it essential to equip myself in a specialized institute, one that will consider my knowledge as a stepping stone to higher education and help me transcend new horizons. In the near future, my aim is to attain an advanced education in MIS through a Masters Degree Program. To achieve this I would like to gain exposure to the latest practices adopted in the field of MIS. The multifaceted attributes of the course and the flexibility of the curriculum have played a pivotal role in my decision to apply for MIS at your university.The collaborative environment at your university and the confluence of ideologies would help me learn the global standards in t his field also become aware of the worldwide  competition. I aspire to bring back the acquired expertise to India and use it successfully in future endeavors. My long term goal is to put my footprints in the field of MIS through contribution of original ideas and translation of those ideas to develop high end applications and products.I bring along a strong grasp of fundamentals in Electronics and Computers, an aptitude for teamwork, a zest for challenges and an enthusiastic desire to learn all I can. With the above attributes I firmly believe that I would meet all the criteria and would also be an asset to your esteemed university. I can assure you that I will be able to contribute and learn from the academically challenging environment at the university. Hence I appeal to the Graduate Admissions Committee to consider me for admission and I look forward to becoming a part of your institute.